Noninvasive mechanical ventilation assistance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and morbidity is related to poor quality of life (QOL). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) may be associated with prolonged survival and QOL in patients with ALS. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether NIV is effective and safe for patients with ALS in terms of survival and QOL, alerting the health system. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting standards using population, intervention, comparison, and outcome strategies. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and CRD databases were searched based on the eligibility criteria for all types of studies on NIV use in patients with ALS published up to January 2022. Data were extracted from the included studies, and the findings were presented using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Of the 120 papers identified, only 14 were related to systematic reviews. After thorough reading, only one meta-analysis was considered eligible. In the second stage, 248 studies were included; however, only one systematic review was included. The results demonstrated that NIV provided relief from the symptoms of chronic hypoventilation, increased survival, and improved QOL compared to standard care. These results varied according to clinical phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: NIV in patients with ALS improves the outcome and can delay the indication for tracheostomy, reducing expenditure on hospitalization and occupancy of intensive care unit beds. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO database: CRD42021279910 — https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=279910.

Awareness of stroke among patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Stroke is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Renal dysfunction is an important risk factor for stroke. Brazilian studies on stroke knowledge are generally population based. Studies stratifying stroke knowledge according to comorbidities are rare. Scientific data are essential to guide the awareness of stroke. OBJECTIVE: To assess stroke knowledge in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study of patients with CKD on hemodialysis in north-eastern Brazil. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey on stroke awareness was administered to patients with CKD on hemodialysis between April and November 2022. The chi-square test and other descriptive statistics were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 197 patients were included in the analysis. The Brazilian acronym for stroke was used by 53.5% of the participants. Less than 10.0% of the sample showed optimal decision-making ability regarding stroke. Of the participants, 29.9% knew at least one risk factor and one symptom; however, this was considered as having below the minimum capacity because they did not know the emergency service call number. In the analysis adjusted for income and education, females (odds ratio [OR], 0.40%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.82), older patients (OR, 0.24%; 95% CI, 0.09-0.63) and having at most one comorbidity (OR, 0.48%; 95% CI, 0.23-0.98) were factors for lower levels of knowledge or ideal decision-making capacity against stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Patients on hemodialysis, especially women and older people, have little knowledge about stroke.

Smartphone and application use in self-management of chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional feasibility study

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Smartphone and application use can improve communication and monitoring of chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease, through self-management and increased adherence to treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess smartphone use in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis and their willingness to use mobile applications as a disease self-management strategy. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study of chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis in the São Francisco Valley in the Northeast Region, Brazil. METHODS: The questionnaire developed by the authors was administered between April and June 2021. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the construct was 0.69. Associations between the dependent and independent variables were determined using univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression analysis was also performed. RESULTS: A total of 381 patients were included, of whom 64% had a smartphone, although only 3.1% knew of a kidney disease-related application. However, 59.3% believed that using an application could help them manage their disease. Having a smartphone was associated with treatment adherence, higher educational attainment, and higher per capita income. Educational attainment remained an independent factor in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: More than 64% of patients had a smartphone, although few knew of applications developed for kidney disease. More than half of the population believed that technology use could benefit chronic kidney disease treatment. Smartphone ownership was more common among the younger population, with higher educational attainment and income, and was associated with greater adherence to hemodialysis sessions.

Autonomic dysfunction in COVID-19 patients receiving mechanical ventilation: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can damage cardiac tissue by increasing troponin levels and inducing arrhythmias, myocarditis, and acute coronary syndrome. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac autonomic control in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional analytical study of ICU patients of both sexes receiving mechanical ventilation was conducted in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: Patients were divided into COVID-19-positive (COVID(+)) and COVID-19-negative (COVID(-)) groups. Clinical data were collected and heart rate variability (HRV) records obtained using a heart rate monitor. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 82 subjects: 36 (44%) in the COVID(-) group (58.3% female; median age, 64.5 years) and 46 (56%) in the COVID(+) group (39.1% females; median age, 57.5 years). The HRV indices were lower than the reference values. An intergroup comparison identified no statistically significant differences in the mean normal-to-normal (NN) interval, standard deviation of the NN interval, or root mean square of successive differences in NN intervals. The COVID(+) group had an increased low frequency (P = 0.05), reduced high frequency (P = 0.045), and increased low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio (P = 0.048). There was a weak positive correlation between LF/HF and length of stay in the COVID(+) group. CONCLUSION: Patients who received mechanical ventilation had lower overall HRV indices. COVID(+) patients who received mechanical ventilation had lower vagal HRV components. These findings likely indicate clinical applicability, as autonomic control impairments are associated with a greater risk of cardiac death.

Awareness towards stroke among high school students in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Educational interventions on stroke are potentially effective in reducing the period between the onset of symptoms and the initial emergency medical assistance. OBJECTIVES: To assess high school students' knowledge of stroke. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in high schools in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: A self-structured questionnaire survey regarding stroke awareness was applied among high school students in northeastern Brazil. Data were collected between 2018 and 2019. The chi-square test and other descriptive statistics were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1,788 students were analyzed. Eighty percent (n = 1430) of them did not have the minimum knowledge on how to act in a stroke situation. Only 10% (n = 179) presented the ideal knowledge on how to act. Males presented lower levels of knowledge on risk factors (odds ratio, OR: 0.62%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.49-0.79) and signs and symptoms of stroke (OR: 0.63%; 95% CI: 0.52-0.77). Students with ≥ 10 years of schooling (OR: 1.64%; 95% CI: 1.30-2.07) demonstrated greater knowledge of signs and symptoms of stroke. Students aged 18 years (OR: 1.70%; 95% CI: 1.14-2.52) demonstrated greater knowledge than other ages regarding the telephone number of the emergency medical services. CONCLUSIONS: There was a knowledge deficit with regard to recognizing stroke and activating the emergency medical services. The findings apply to the sample investigated and suggest that there is a need for stroke educational interventions, starting in high school.

Modeling of covariates predicting renal allograft failure within six months after transplantation / Modelagem das covariáveis preditivas para falência do enxerto renal até seis meses do transplante

INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the renal replacement therapy (RRT) of choice for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, not every KT is successful and some patients persist on RRT. OBJECTIVE: To model a logistic regression with pre- and post-KT risk covariates capable of predicting secondary allograft dysfunction in need of RRT or reaching stage V of CKD until the first six months post-KT. METHODS: Cohort with KT recipients from Northeastern Brazil. Medical records of KT performed between 2011-2018 were analyzed. KT-recipients with insufficient data or who abandoned follow-up were excluded. The covariables analyzed were: demographic; infectious; pre- and post-KT comorbidities; panel reactive-antibodies; number of HLA mismatches; acute rejection episodes mediated by T-cell (ACR) or antibodies (AAR) six months after KT; and laboratory tests six months after KT. RESULTS: Covariates with higher risk for the analyzed outcomes six months after KT were: elderly KT recipients (OR:1.41; CI95%:1.01-1.99), time between onset of RRT and KT (ΔT-RRT&KT)>10years (OR:3.54; CI95%:1.27-9.87), diabetes mellitus (DM) pre-KT (OR:3.35; CI95%:1.51-7.46), pyelonephritis (OR:2.45; CI95%:1.24-4.84), polyomavirus nephropathy (OR:4.99; CI95%:1.87-13.3), AAS (OR:4.82; CI95%:1.35-17.2), 24h-proteinuria ≥300mg/24h (OR:5.05; CI95%:2.00-12.7) and serum calcium (Ca) <8.5mg/dL (OR:4.72; CI95%:2.00-11.1). The multivariate model presented an accuracy of 88.1% and the mean variance inflation factor is 1.81. CONCLUSION: Elderly-recipients, ΔT-RRT&KT>10 years, pre-KT DM, and post-KT aggressions until six months (pyelonephritis, polyomavirus nephropathy, ABMR, 24h-proteinuria≥300mg/24h, and Ca<8.5mg/dL) are associated with high predictive power for secondary allograft dysfunction in need of RRT or reaching CKD stage V until the first six months post-KT.

INTRODUÇÃO: Transplante renal (TR) é a terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) de escolha para pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC). Entretanto, nem todo TR é bem-sucedido e alguns pacientes persistem em TRS. OBJETIVO: Modelar uma regressão logística com covariáveis de risco pré e pós-TR preditora da disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR. MÉTODOS: Coorte com receptores transplantados realizado em hospital no Nordeste brasileiro. Analisou-se registros médicos dos TR realizados entre 2011-2018. Receptores com dados insuficientes ou que abandonaram seguimento foram excluídos. Foram analisadas covariáveis: demográficas; infecciosas; comorbidades pré e pós-TR; painel de reatividade; incompatibilidades de HLA; episódios de rejeições agudas mediadas por células-T ou por anticorpos; exames laboratoriais seis meses pós-TR. RESULTADOS: Receptores idosos (OR:1,41; IC95%:1,01-1,99), tempo entre início da TRS e TR (∆T-TRS&TR)>10 anos (OR:3,54; IC95%:1,27-9,87), diabetes mellitus (DM) pré-TR (OR:3,35; IC95%:1,51-7,46), pielonefrite (OR:2,45; IC95%:1,24-4,84), nefropatia por poliomavírus (OR:4,99; IC95%:1,87-13,3), RAMA (OR:4,82; IC95%:1,35-17,2), proteinúria de 24h (Pt24h) ≥300mg/24h (OR:5,05; IC95%:2,00-12,7) e cálcio sérico (Ca)<8,5mg/dL (OR:4,72; IC95%:2,00-11,1) foram identificadas como covariáveis de maior risco para os desfechos analisados até seis meses pós-TR. O modelo multivariado apresentou acurácia de 88,1% e fator de inflação da variância médio de 1,81. CONCLUSÃO: Receptores idosos, ∆T-TRS&TR>10anos, DM pré-TR e agressões até seis meses pós-TR (pielonefrite, nefropatia por poliomavírus, RAMA, Pt24h≥300mg/24h e Ca<8,5mg/dL), apresentam alto poder preditivo para disfunção secundária do aloenxerto com necessidade de TRS ou alcance ao estágio V da DRC até os primeiros seis meses pós-TR.

Pneumonia risk factors in stroke patients / Fatores de risco para pneumonia em pacientes com acidente vascular encefálico

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the development of pneumonia in post-stroke patients hospitalized in a tertiary hospital, located in the Vale do São Francisco, that covers the states of Pernambuco and Bahia, Brazil. Methods: a unicentric, observational, analytical, cross-sectional study, based on the medical records of patients diagnosed with stroke and included in the Stroke Registry (RAVESS study). The statistical analysis was made with the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and the analysis of variance, with the Bonferroni's post-test, and P≤0.05. Results: data from 69 patients presented with acute stroke were collected, aged 63.2±16.8 years; 37 (53.6%) were females; the prevalence of pneumonia during hospital stay was estimated at 31.9% (95% confidence interval: 21.2-44.2%). In the univariate analysis of predictors for post-stroke pneumonia, the following were identified: older age (72.6±17.9 vs. 58.8±14.5; P = 0.001), lower response signal to the Glasgow Coma Scale at admission (11.3±1.8 vs. 13.3±2.1; P = 0.001), and higher frequency of dysarthria at admission (61.9% vs. 27.9%; P = 0.009). Conclusion: pneumonia was a prevalent complication in post-stroke patients at a Brazilian tertiary hospital. It was related to the patient's older age and the severity of the cerebral event.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as características demográficas e clínicas associadas ao desenvolvimento de pneumonia em pacientes após acidente vascular encefálico internados em um hospital terciário do Vale do São Francisco que atende os estados de Pernambuco e Bahia, Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de estudo unicêntrico, observacional, analítico e transversal realizado a partir dos prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de acidente vascular encefálico incluídos no Registro de Acidente Vascular Encefálico (Estudo RAVESS). A análise estatística foi composta pelos testes qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e a análise de variância com pós-teste de Bonferroni com nível de P≤0,05. Resultados: foram coletados dados de 69 pacientes com AVE agudo com média±desvio padrão de idade de 63,2±16,8 anos, sendo 37 (53,6%) do sexo feminino, com prevalência de pneumonia durante o internamento estimada em 31,9% (Intervalo de Confiança de 95%: 21,2-44,2%). Na análise univariada para preditores de pneumonia após acidente vascular encefálico foram identificados: idade mais avançada (72,6±17,9 vs. 58,8±14,5; P=0,001), menor sinal de resposta a escala de coma de Glasgow durante a admissão (11,3±1,8 vs. 13,3±2,1; P=0,001) e maior frequência de disartria na admissão (61,9% vs. 27,9%; P=0,009). Conclusão: a pneumonia foi uma complicação prevalente em pacientes após acidente vascular encefálico de um hospital terciário brasileiro, tendo sido relacionada com idade avançada do paciente e a severidade do evento encefálico.

Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Parameters in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review

Negative changes in cardiovascular and autonomic variables in stroke survivors have encouraged the global scientific community to focus on investigating therapeutic strategies to mitigate stroke damage. The objective of the present study was to describe the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular and autonomic variables in stroke survivors. We used the PICO (population, intervention, control/comparison, and outcome variables) model for the search of articles in PubMed and Physiotherapy Evidence Databases from 2009 to December 2018. The following data were also recorded: type of study, author, year of publication, participants (time after stroke, sample size, and age) and benefits of exercise training. A total of 544 articles were initially selected, of which nine peer-reviewed articles met the search criteria. These nine studies enrolled 611 participants (middle-aged or elderly), and pointed to positive effects of training on maximal oxygen uptake, peak aerobic capacity, 6-minute walk test and resting heart rate. However, more well-controlled studies are needed to confirm the benefits of exercise training on cardiovascular and autonomic variables in this population

Effects of cyclosporine on ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rat kidneys. An experimental model

Abstract Purpose To assess Cyclosporine A (CsA) therapy at an intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg.kg -1 in a rodent model of non-septic renal ischemia. Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were randomized to receive CsA therapy or none therapy before undergoing 30 minutes of renal ischemia followed by reperfusion. Additionally, 10 rats were randomized to undergo the same surgical procedure of the aforementioned animals with neither ischemia nor CsA therapy. Twelve hours after kidney ischemia, the left kidneys were evaluated for histological injury according to Park's criteria. Serum creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (Ur) and sodium levels were obtained at different times of the experimental protocol. Results Rodents in the CsA group showed negative results (p<0.05) in serum variables (Cr: 0.41±0.05mg/dL vs . 4.17±1.25mg/dL; Ur: 40.90±3.98mg/dL vs . 187.70±22.93mg/dL) even the non CsA or control group (Cr: 0.35±0.07mg/dL vs . 3.80±1.20mg/dL; Ur: 40.10±4.70mg/dL vs . 184.50±49.80mg/dL). The negative results were also verified in histological evaluation, CsA group had 50% in the very severe grade of lesion, 10% in the severe and 40% in the moderate to severe whereas the control group had 90% in the very severe grade. Conclusion CsA was incapable of preventing the deleterious effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidneys.

THE IMPACT OF SENSORY ALTERATIONS ON UPPER LIMB FUNCTION AFTER A MASTECTOMY / Impacto das alterações sensitivas pós-mastectomia na funcionalidade do membro superior

Objective: To perform a descriptive analysis of the physical and clinical profile of women after a mastectomy, as well as to verify the functionality of the ipsilateral upper limb after surgery and to evaluate which quality of life questionnaire domains have repercussions on the functional capacity of this part of the body. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, performed at the Centro de Oncologia Dr. Muccini, in Petrolina (Pernambuco, Brazil), with the participation of 53 patients. We used the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire to evaluate the functionality of the ipsilateral upper limb after surgery, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30) and its breast cancer specific module (EORTC-QLQ-BR23) to measure quality of life. Results: The symptoms had a significant impact on the function of the patients' upper limbs. Statistically significant correlations (p<0.05) were observed between the total DASH score and the symptoms (r=0.451 in the QLQ-C30 and r=0.535 in the QLQ-BR23) and the functionality (r=-0.488 and r=-0.448), which were negative. There was also a statistically significant association (p=0.001) between limitation in activities of daily living (ADLs) and the subjective presence of lymphedema. Conclusion: The sensory alterations resulting from a mastectomy are the main factors responsible for the development of modifications that affect the functionality of the ipsilateral upper limb after surgery. The subjective sensation of lymphedema was associated with limitations in the ADLs and with a decrease in the arm's functional capacity.

Objetivo: Realizar a análise descritiva do perfil físico e clínico de mulheres após mastectomia, além de verificar a funcionalidade do membro superior homolateral à cirurgia e avaliar quais os domínios do questionário de qualidade de vida têm repercussões na capacidade funcional desse segmento corporal. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, realizado no Centro de Oncologia Dr. Muccini, em Petrolina (PE), com a participação de 53 pacientes. A funcionalidade do membro superior homolateral à cirurgia foi mensurada por meio do questionário Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) e a qualidade de vida por meio do European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ-C30) e seu módulo específico para câncer de mama (EORTC-QLQ-BR23). Resultados: A sintomatologia teve impacto importante na função dos membros superiores das pacientes, uma vez que foram verificadas correlações estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) entre o escore total do DASH com a sintomatologia (r=0,451 no QLQ-C30 e r=0,535 no QLQ-BR23) e a funcionalidade (r=-0,488 e r=-0,448), sendo estas negativas. Foi também verificada associação estatisticamente significante (p=0,001) entre limitação nas atividades da vida diária (AVDs) e presença subjetiva de linfedema. Conclusão: As alterações sensitivas decorrentes da mastectomia são as principais responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento de modificações que afetam a funcionalidade do membro superior homolateral à cirurgia. A sensação subjetiva de linfedema teve associação com limitações nas AVDs e redução da capacidade funcional do braço.

Uso da corrente russa na reabilitação neurológica de paciente com traumatismo crânio encefálico: relato de caso / Use of the russian electrical stimulation in the neurological rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury patient: case report

INTRODUÇÃO: O traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) é qualquer agressão capaz de lesão anatômica ou comprometimento funcional do couro cabeludo, crânio, meninges ou encéfalo, que pode causar importantes perdas cognitivas e motoras. Os principais mecanismos de trauma são os acidentes automobilísticos, quedas e as agressões físicas e/ou lesões por arma de fogo. Este estudo objetivou relatar os efeitos de um protocolo de intervenção fisioterapêutica que inclui o uso da Corrente Russa (CR) na reabilitação de um paciente com TCE. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 26 anos, mecânico, etilista crônico, diagnóstico médico de TCE e hemiparesia esquerda desproporcionada com predominância no membro superior, dependente de cadeira de rodas. A avaliação fisioterapêutica foi constituída de aferição de sinais vitais, avaliação dos reflexos superficiais e tendinosos e do tônus muscular, goniometria e teste de força muscular específico. Após avaliação inicial foi aplicado um protocolo de intervenção fisioterapêutico constituído de exercícios terapêuticos e eletroestimulação com CR, com frequência de duas sessões semanais de 50 minutos de duração, por um período de 16 semanas, seguidas de reavaliação. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo de intervenção aplicado contribuiu para a reabilitação funcional do paciente, verificado pelo ganho de amplitude de movimento das articulações do punho, cotovelo, tornozelo e joelho esquerdos; e aumento na graduação de força muscular dos flexores e extensores do punho e do cotovelo, flexores e extensores do joelho e tornozelo esquerdos. Além disso, a deambulação independente foi restituída, com retorno à atividade profissional.

INTRODUCTION: The traumatic brain injury (TBI) is any aggression capable of causing damage or functional impairment of the scalp, skull, meninges or brain, which can bring significant cognitive and motor losses. The main mechanisms of trauma are traffic accidents, falls and physical aggression and/or firearm injuries. This study aimed to report the effects of na intervention protocol physical therapy which includes the use of Russian Electrical Stimulation (RES) in the rehabilitation of a patient with TBI. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 26, mechanic, chronic alcoholic, with medical diagnosis of TBI and left hemiparesis disproportionate predominantly in the arm, dependent on a wheelchair. The physical therapy evaluation consisted of measuring vital signs, evaluation of surface and tendon reflexes and muscle tone, goniometry and specific muscle strength test. After the initial evaluation it was applied a physiotherapy intervention protocol consisting of therapeutic and electrical stimulation exercises with RES, with frequency of two weekly sessions of 50 minutes, for 16 weeks, followed by reevaluation. CONCLUSION: The applied intervention protocol contributed to the rehabilitation patient's functional, checked through the range of motion gain in the joints of the wrist, elbow, ankle and left knee; and increased muscle strength undergraduate flexor and extensors of the wrist and the elbow, flexors and extensors of the knee and left ankle. Furthermore, the independent ambulation was restored, returning to the professional activity.

Postural profile of classical ballerinas from the Vale do São Francisco region of Brazil / Perfil postural das bailarinas clássicas do Vale do São Francisco / Perfil postural de bailarinas clásicas del Valle del São Francisco

ABSTRACT Objective: The study aimed to determine the association between postural changes and practice of classical ballet among ballerinas from Integrated Administrative Region of Development (RIDE) in Polo Petrolina/PE and Juazeiro/BA. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study with 19 classical ballerinas aged over 15 years and at least 5 years of uninterrupted classical ballet practice. The anthropometric assessment included measurements of total body mass, height and body mass index (BMI). Postural evaluation was performed using the photogrammetric method with help of Posturograma(r) and SAPO(c) software. Results: The mean age was 25.3±11.7 years and the mean BMI was 21.4±2.9 kg/m². Approximately 74% of classical ballerinas had normal anthropometric profile. The postural profile of the classical ballerinas showed inclination and protrusion of the head, trunk rotation, rectification of cervical lordosis, increased thoracic kyphosis, increased lumbar lordosis, pelvic inclination and anteversion. Conclusion: The practice of ballet led to changes in body alignment of the classical ballerinas evaluated. The results points out to the need of postural re-education in order to contribute for the kinetic-functional balance of classical ballet practitioners.

RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre alterações posturais e a prática do balé clássico em bailarinas da Região Administrativa Integrada de Desenvolvimento (RIDE) do Polo Petrolina/PE e Juazeiro/BA. Métodos: Estudo observacional de corte transversal com 19 bailarinas com idade superior a 15 anos e, no mínimo, 5 anos ininterruptos de prática de balé clássico. A avaliação antropométrica consistiu na aferição da massa corporal total, na mensuração da estatura e no cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC). A avaliação postural ocorreu através do método fotogramétrico por meio dos software Posturograma(r) e SAPO(c). Resultados: A média de idade foi 25,3 ± 11,7 anos e a média do IMC foi 21,4 ± 2,9 kg/m2. Aproximadamente 74% das bailarinas clássicas apresentaram perfil antropométrico normal. O padrão postural das bailarinas mostrou inclinação e protrusão da cabeça, rotação do tronco, retificação da lordose cervical, aumento da cifose torácica, aumento da lordose lombar, inclinação e anteversão pélvica. Conclusão: A prática do balé levou a alterações no alinhamento corporal das bailarinas avaliadas. Os resultados sinalizam para a necessidade de reeducação postural, de modo a contribuir com o equilíbrio cinético-funcional de praticantes de balé clássico.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación entre los cambios posturales y la práctica de bailarinas del ballet clásico de la Región Administrativa Integrada de Desarrollo (RIDE) en Polo Petrolina/PE y Juazeiro/BA. Métodos: Estudio transversal observacional con 19 bailarinas clásicas mayores de 15 años y al menos 5 años de práctica de ballet clásico ininterrumpida. La evaluación antropométrica incluyó medición de índice de masa de masa corporal total, de la altura y el cálculo del índice de masa corporal (IMC). La evaluación postural se realizó mediante el método fotogramétrico y los software Posturograma(r) y SAPO(c). Resultados: La edad media fue de 25,3 ± 11,7 años y la media del IMC fue de 21,4 ± 2,9 kg/m². Aproximadamente el 74% de las bailarinas clásicas tenía perfil antropométrico normal. El perfil postural estándar de las bailarinas clásicas mostró inclinación y protrusión de la cabeza, la rotación del tronco, corrección de la lordosis cervical, aumento de cifosis torácica, aumento de la lordosis lumbar, inclinación y anteversión de la pelvis. Conclusión: La práctica del ballet llevó a cambios en la alineación del cuerpo de las bailarinas clásicas evaluadas. Los resultados señalan la necesidad de re-educación postural para contribuir al equilibrio cinético-funcional de las bailarinas clásicas.

Lactato sanguíneo e percepção subjetiva de esforço em luta simulada por atletas de MMA / Blood lactate and rate of perceived exertion responses of MMA athletes competing in a simulated match / Lactato sanguíneo y percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo en lucha simulada para deportistas de MMA

Seis atletas de MMA com peso de 74,3 kg realizaram três rounds (R) de cinco minutos de combate, sendo avaliado o lactato (LA) em repouso, após o término de cada R (1º e 2º), após o término do último R, cinco e sete minutos após o término da luta. A Percepção Subjetiva do Esforço (PSE) foi avaliada após o fim do combate. Durante as lutas de MMA, eles utilizam inúmeras ações de energia glicolítica, sugerindo que as vias anaeróbias são utilizadas pelos atletas durante o combate. Com LA em repouso de 2,6 ± 0,5 e obtendo valores de LA de 8, 3± 0,4 no 1º R, 10,5 ± 0,3 no 2º R, 11,7 ± 0,6 no 3º R, bem como de 12,7 ± 0,6 e 11,5 ± 1,1 no 5° e 7° minuto após o fim da luta, respectivamente. A PSE encontrada foi de 18,0 ± 0,9. Devido a valores altos de LA, bem como PSE, pode-se inferir que esta modalidade apresenta uma intensidade e dificuldade extremamente elevada.

Six MMA athletes weighing 74,3kg performed 3 rounds (R) of 5 minutes of combat, having the blood lactate (LA) evaluated 5 times: during the rest after the end of each R (1st and 2nd), after the last R, and on the 5th and 7th minutes after the fight. The Perceived Exertion Responses Rate (PERR) was assessed after the end of the combat. During MMA fights, they use high glycolytic energy stocks, suggesting that anaerobic pathways are used by athletes during combat. With LA during rest at 2.6 ± 0.5 and getting LA values of 8.3 ± 0.4 in the 1st R, 10.5 ± 0.3 in the 2nd R, 11.7 ± 0.6 in the 3rd R, and 12.7 ± 0.6 and 11.5 ± 1.1 at 5 and 7 minutes after the end of the fight respectively, the PERR found was 18.0 ± 0.9. Due to high levels of LA and PERR, it can be inferred that this modality is highly intense and extremely hard.

Seis atletas de MMA que pesan 74,3kg realizaron 3 rounds (R) 5 minutos de combate, siendo analizado el lactato (LA) en reposo, después del final de cada R (1º y 2º), después del último R, cinco y siete minutos después de haber terminado la lucha. La Percepción Subjetiva del Esfuerzo (PSE) se analizó después del final del combate. Durante las luchas de MMA, ellos usan innúmeras acciones de energía glucolíticas, lo que sugiere que las vías anaeróbicas son utilizados por los atletas durante el combate. Con LA en reposo 2.6 ± 0.5 y obteniendo valores de LA de 8,3 ± 0,4 en el 1º R, 10,5 ± 0,3 en el 2º R, 11,7 ± 0,6 en la 3ª R y 12,7 ± 0,6 y 11,5 ± 1,1 a los 5 y 7 minutos después del final de la lucha respectivamente. El PSE encontrado fue 18,0 ± 0,9. Debido a los altos niveles de LA, así como PES, se puede inferir que la modalidad presenta tiene intensidad y dificultad extremamente elevada.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients wih coronary disease from a Braziil northeast area / Doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em pacientes com doença coronariana de uma área do Nordeste do Brasil

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver injury around the world. It is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Objective To evaluate the frequency and relevance of NAFLD in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Patients from a Brazil Northeast area, who underwent elective coronary angiography (CAG) from 2009 to 2010 were included. All of them had suspicion of CAD. Criteria to CAD: presence of obstructive lesions in the epicardial coronary arteries, or in their major branches. NAFLD criteria: presence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasound; exclusion of other liver diseases; ethanol intake ≤ 20g/day. Statistics analysis included Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s chi-squared test. Multivariate regression analysis measured the relationship between the risk factors and the concomitant presence of CAD and NAFLD. Results A total of 244 patients were evaluated: 63.5% had CAD and 42.2% had NAFLD. NAFLD was observed in 43.9% of the CAD patients. The regression analysis showed that the relationship between CAD and NAFLD was positively correlated with HOMA-IR ≥3.0 or insulin resistance and overweight/obesity. Conclusion NAFLD was frequent among CAD patients; insulin resistance and overweight/obesity were the most relevant risk factors related to the association NAFLD and CAD. The results suggest that patients with CAD should be evaluated for NAFLD. .

Contexto Doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) é uma das mais frequentes hepatopatias crônicas da atualidade. Associa-se à síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo Avaliar a frequência e relevância da DHGNA em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Métodos Foram avaliados pacientes de uma área do Nordeste de Brasil, submetidos à angiografia coronariana, com suspeita de DAC, entre 2009-2010. Critérios para DAC: presença de lesões obstrutivas em artérias coronárias epicárdicas ou seus principais ramos. Critérios para DHGNA: esteatose hepática na ultrassonografia; exclusão de outras doenças hepáticas; ingestão de etanol ≤20g/dia. Análise estatística incluiu os testes t, Mann-Whitney e qui-quadrado de Pearson. Análise de regressão multivariada mediu a força da correlação entre fatores de risco e concomitância de DAC e DHGNA. Resultados Foram avaliados 244 pacientes submetidos à angiografia coronariana: 63,5% apresentavam DAC e 42,2% DHGNA. DHGNA foi observada em 43,9% dos doentes com DAC. A análise de regressão mostrou que a possibilidade de ocorrência concomitante de DAC e DHGNA foi positivamente correlacionadas à resistência a insulina e ao sobrepeso/obesidade. Conclusão DHGNA foi frequente entre os pacientes com DAC; resistência à insulina e sobrepeso/obesidade foram os mais relevantes fatores de risco relacionados à associação DHGNA e DAC. Os dados sugerem que pacientes com DAC devem ser avaliados para DHGNA. .

Prevalência e fatores associados ao doping cosmético entre frequentadores de academias / Prevalence and associated factors to the cosmetic doping among fitness-centers customers

INTRODUÇÃO: O crescente culto ao corpo na sociedade atual tem levado diversos frequentadores de academia à prática sistemática de injetar óleos por via intramuscular, procedimento denominado doping cosmético. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de doping cosmético na região do Vale do São Francisco, buscando estabelecer os perfis sociodemográfico e clínico desse grupo de indivíduos. RELATO DE CASO: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e documental, com análise dos registros de 346 frequentadores de academias de ginástica, dos quais sete relataram utilização de doping cosmético. Destes registros, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, cineantropométricos, hemodinâmicos, história patológica pessoal e familiar pregressa e de consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. A prevalência de doping cosmético foi 2,0% (IC95% 0,8–4,1), e a maioria dos usuários são adultos jovens com segundo grau completo, trabalhadores de classe média, sendo considerados ativos com baixo percentual de gordura. Eles utilizam suplementos alimentares, esteroides anabolizantes e outras drogas ilícitas. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados contribuem na determinação do perfil dessa população, demonstrando que os usuários de doping cosmético são adultos jovens preocupados com a estética corporal. As características sociodemográficas encontradas diferem de estudos prévios quanto ao nível de escolaridade, renda e ocupação. Nesse sentido, ações voltadas para a conscientização dessa população quanto aos riscos e perigos da utilização do doping cosmético devem ser apoiadas o mais breve possível.

INTRODUCTION: The rise in the cult of the body in modern society has led many fitness-centers customers to the systematic practice of intramuscular oil injections, procedure called cosmetic doping. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of cosmetic doping in the São Francisco Valley region, in order to establish the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of this group of individuals. CASE REPORT: This is a retrospective documentary study with analysis of 346 records from fitness-centers customers, of which 7 reported use of cosmetic doping. Sociodemographic, kinanthropometric, hemodynamic, personal and family past medical history and the consumption of licit and illicit drug data were collected from these records. The prevalence of cosmetic doping was 2.0% (95%CI 0.8–4.1), and most of the users are young adults with high school graduates, middle-class workers, and are considered physically active with low body fat mass. They use concomitantly dietary supplements, anabolic steroids and other illicit drug. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study contribute in determining the profile of this population, demonstrating that users of cosmetic doping are young adults concerned with aesthetic body. The sociodemographic characteristics found in this study differ from previous studies in the level of education, income and occupation. In this sense, actions to raise awareness of this population about the risks and dangers of the cosmetic doping should be supported as soon as possible.

Qualidade de vida e atividade física em profi ssionais de terapia intensiva do sub médio São Francisco / Calidad de vida y actividad física de la profesionales en cuidados intensivos del promedio San Francisco / Quality of life and physical activity in intensive care professionals from middle São Francisco

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de atividade física (NAF) e a qualidade de vida (QV) dos profissionais que trabalham em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Método: tratou-se de um estudo transversal realizado em UTIs clínicas adultos, onde o NAF foi avaliado pelo questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ) e a QV através do questionário Medical Outcomes Study 36 (SF-36). Resultados: estavam ativos 50,85% de 59 profissionais, sendo os técnicos de enfermagem considerados os mais ativos (60,6%). A QV dos profissionais ativos foi melhor quando comparados aos inativos, com diferenças estatísticas para os domínios limitação por aspectos físicos, aspecto social e saúde mental. A jornada de trabalho estava acima do recomendado, sendo a dos médicos maiores que as dos fisioterapeutas, enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem (p = 0,04). Conclusão: profissionais de UTI fisicamente ativos apresentaram maior qualidade de vida provavelmente por possuírem uma menor jornada de trabalho e consequentemente mais tempo livre para realizar atividades físicas. .

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de actividad física (NAF) y la calidad de vida (QOL) de los profesionales que trabajan en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Método: este fue un estudio transversal realizado en clínicas UCI de adultos, donde el NAF fue evaluado por el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ) y la calidad de vida a través del Medical Outcomes Study 36 (SF-36). Resultados: los activos fueron 50,85% de 59 profesionales, técnicos y enfermeras consideran los más activos (60,6%). La calidad de vida de los profesionales en activo fue mejor en comparación con los inactivos, con diferencias estadísticas para los dominios limitados por aspecto físico, social y de salud mental. La jornada de trabajo estaba por encima de los niveles recomendados, son más grandes que las de los fisioterapeutas médicos, enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería (p = 0,04). Conclusión: profesionales físicamente activos en la UCI ha mejorado la calidad de vida, probablemente porque tienen una carga de trabajo más pequenos y por lo tanto más tiempo libre para participar en actividades físicas. .

Objective: the objective was to assess the level of physical activity (LPA) and the quality of life QL of the professionals who work in ICU. Method: this was a cross-sectional study carried out in Adult ICUs. LPA was assessed by the International Questionnarie of Physical Activity - short form (IQPA-SF) and the QL by the Medical Outcomes Study 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Results: it was classified active 50.89% out of a total of 59 professionals. Nursing technicians were considered the most active with 60.6%. The QL of the professionals who were considered active were better when compared to inactives, with statistical differences to the category of physical aspects limitation, social aspects and mental health. The working hours were higher than recommend, the physicians were higher than the physical therapist, nurses and technicians nurses (p = 0.046). Conclusion: physically active professionals who work in ICU had higher quality of life probably why have lower hours of work and consequently more free time to engage in physical activity. .

Prevalência de hipertensão e sua associação com excesso de peso e atividade física em adolescentes / Prevalence of hypertension and its association with overweight and physical activity in adolescents

INTRODUÇÃO: Hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma doença crônica, considerada um problema de saúde pública. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência da HA e avaliar sua associação com excesso de peso e atividade física em adolescentes do município de Petrolina (PE). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 305 adolescentes entre 12 e 17 anos. Inicialmente, foram coletados os dados sociodemográficos e realizadas aferições da massa corporal, estatura e pressão arterial. Foi utilizado um questionário de atividade física habitual para adolescentes. Para verificar possíveis associações, foi usado o teste exato de Fisher. Em todas as análises foi adotado nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A HA foi verificada em 1% (IC95% 0,21-2,89) dos adolescentes, sendo todos do sexo masculino. Foi verificado excesso de peso em 16% da amostra, sendo que 15,4% eram meninas e 17,4% meninos. Não foi observada associação entre HA e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) (p=0,408) e HA e atividade física (p=0,245). CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que a amostra avaliada apresentou baixa prevalência de HA, não demonstrando associação com excesso de peso e inatividade física.

INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension (AH) is a chronic disease and it is considered as a public health problem. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of AH and evaluate its association with overweight and physical activity in adolescents from the city of Petrolina (PE). METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study of 305 adolescents between 12 and 17 years. Initially,sociodemographic data were collected and the measurements of weight, height and blood pressure were realized. A questionnaire of habitual physical activities for adolescents was used. To verify possible associations it was used the Fisher's exact test. In all analyzes, was adopted a significancelevel of p<0.05. RESULTS: The AH was found in 1% (95% CI 0.21-2.89) of adolescents, all male. Overweight was found in 16% of the sample, of these 15.4% were girls and 17.4% were boys. There was no association between hypertension and body mass index (BMI) (p=0.408) and AH and physical activity (p=0.245). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the sample studied showed low prevalence of AH, showed no association with excess weight and physical inactivity.

Pain and associated factors in depressed and non depressed puerperal women / Dor e fatores associados em puérperas deprimidas e não deprimidas

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Physical pain during puerperium is in general caused by musculoskeletal changes inherent to gestation; however, its clinical progression may be changed by mood disorders. This study aimed at evaluating the association between pain and postpartum depression. METHODS: Participated in the study 80 women at 2 to 30 weeks postpartum. Depressive symptoms were screened with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Pain intensity was evaluated with the analog visual scale, while the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used for pain location. RESULTS: Univariate analysis has shown that postpartum depression was associated to more severe pain (p<0.001), to constant mood changes (p=0.001), to early sexual initiation (p<0.05) and to a larger number of people living together (p<0.05). Chest was the most common painful site referred by depressed puerperal women (p=0.01). Logistic regression analysis has shown that moderate to severe pain was a strong predictor of postpartum depression (OR=4.6; confidence interval 95%: 1.5-13.9). CONCLUSION: Moderate to severe pain increases the probability of puerperal women developing postpartum depressive symptoms. .

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor física no período puerperal em geral decorre das alterações musculoesqueléticas inerentes à gestação, contudo seu curso clínico pode ser alterado na presença dos transtornos de humor. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre dor e depressão pós-parto. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistadas 80 mulheres em pós-parto de 2 a 30 semanas. Os sintomas depressivos foram rastreados através da Escala de Depressão Pós-natal de Edimburgo. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada, por meio da escala analógica visual, enquanto o Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares foi empregado na localização da dor. RESULTADOS: A análise univariada mostrou que a depressão pós-parto esteve associada à dor de maior intensidade (p<0,001), a alterações constantes de humor (p=0,001), à iniciação sexual precoce (p<0,05) e ao consumo de álcool (p<0,05). Percepção dolorosa de maior intensidade foi associada a um relacionamento conjugal ruim (p<0,05) e a um maior número pessoas em coabitação (p<0,05). A região torácica foi o local de dor mais apontado pelas puérperas deprimidas (p=0,01). A análise de regressão logística revelou que dor referida de moderada a intensa foi um forte fator preditor de depressão pós-parto (OR=4,6; intervalo de confiança de 95%:1,5-13,9). CONCLUSÃO: Dor de intensidade moderada a intensa aumenta a probabilidade de mulheres desenvolverem sintomas depressivos no pós-parto. .

Métodos indiretos para mensuração da gordura corporal em adolescentes escolares / Indirect methods for measuring body fat in adolescent students / Métodos indiretos de mensuración de grasa corporal en adolescentes escolares

Comparar dois diferentes métodos indiretos de estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal em adolescentes escolares. Métodos: Estudo analítico, de caráter transversal, realizado com 300 escolares entre 12 e 17 anos na cidade de Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil.Todos foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica, tendo os percentuais de gordura corporal estimados por dobras cutâneas e bioimpedância elétrica (BIA) bipolar. Os testes seguiram os procedimentos recomendados e os avaliados estavam vestidos segundo recomendações. Os distintos percentuais de gordura corporal foram comparados através do teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon e correlacionados pelo coeficiente de correlação linear de Spearman, com nível de significância de p?0,05. Resultados: A mediana (intervalo interquartil) de idade dos avaliados foi de 13,0 (13,0-15,0) anos, sendo 214 (71,3%) meninas. Os métodos comparados apresentaram forte correlação linear positiva (r=0,76; p<0,001). Porém, os 26,9% (26,5-28,2) de gordura obtidos por dobras cutâneas são estatisticamente diferentes (p<0,001) dos 22,3% (21,6-23,1) verificados por BIA. Em ambos os gêneros e em todas as idades, o percentual de gordura estimado por dobra cutânea foi maior que o estimado por BIA, entretanto, os métodos apresentam boa correlação (p<0,0001). Conclusão: Os percentuais de gorduracorporal mensurados pelo método antropométrico (dobras cutâneas) e pela bioimpedância bipolar apresentam uma correlação forte e significativa em adolescentes escolares. Nesse âmbito, BIA configura-se como opção interessante para monitorizar e avaliar as alterações no estado nutricional desta população...

To compare two different indirect methods for measuring body fat percentage in adolescent students. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted with 300 adolescent students from 12 to 17 years old in the city of Petrolina, state of Pernambuco. All patients underwent anthropometric assessment. The body fat percentage was estimated through skinfold thickness and bipolar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The tests followed recommended procedures and subjects were properly dressed for the assessment. The different body fat percentages were compared using the Wilcoxon nonparametric test and correlated by Spearman?s rank correlation coefficient with a significance level of p?0.05. Results: The median (interquartile range) age of the subjects was 13.0 (13.0?15.0) years with a total number of 214 (71.3%) girls. The compared methods showed strong positive linear correlation (r=0.76, p<0.001). However, the 26.9% (26.5?28.2) rate of fat obtained through skinfold thickness is statistically different (p<0.001) from the 22.3% (21.6?23.1) rateobtained through BIA. In both genders and at all ages the percentage of fat estimated through skinfold thickness was higher than the one estimated through BIA. However, the methods presented a good correlation (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The body fat percentage measured through anthropometric assessment (skinfold thickness) and bipolar bioelectrical impedance analysis have a strong significant correlation in adolescent students. In this context, BIA appears as an interesting option to monitor and assess changes in the nutritional status of this population...

Comparar dos distintos métodos de estimación del porcentual de grasa corporal en adolescentes escolares. Métodos: Estudio analítico de carácter trasversal realizado com 300 estudiantes entre los 12 y 17 años en la ciudad de Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil. Todos fueron sometidos a la evaluación antropométrica con los porcentuales de grasa corporal estimados por pliegues cutáneos y bioimpedância eléctrica (BIA) bipolar. Las pruebas siguieron los procedimientos recomendados y losevaluados estaban vestidos según las recomendaciones. Los distintos porcentuales de grasa corporal fueron comparados a través de la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon y correlacionados por el coeficiente de correlación linear de Spearman con nível de significancia de p?0,05. Resultados: La mediana (intervalo intercuartil) de edad de los evaluados fue de 13,0 (13,0?15,0) años siendo 214 (71,3%) niñas. Los métodos comparados presentaron fuerte correlación linear positiva (r=0,76; p<0,001). Sin embargo, el 26,9% (26,5?28,2) de grasa obtenidos por los pliegues cutáneos son estadísticamente diferentes (p<0,001) de los 22,3% (21,6?23,1) verificados por la BIA. En ambos géneros y en todas las edades el porcentual de grasa estimado por el plieguecutáneo fue mayor que el estimado por la BIA, sin embargo, los métodos presentan buena correlación (p<0,0001). Conclusión: Los porcentuales de grasa corporal medidos por el método antropométrico (pliegues cutáneos) y por la bioimpedância bipolar presentan una correlación fuerte y significativa em adolescentes escolares. En ese ámbito, la BIA se configura como interesante opción para monitorear y evaluar las alteraciones em el estado nutricional de esa población...

Efeitos do exercício aeróbico e anaeróbico em variáveis de risco cardíaco em adultos com sobrepeso / Effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on cardiac risk variables in overweight adults

FUNDAMENTO: O exercício físico aeróbico é importante aliado no combate aos fatores de risco cardiovascular. No entanto, os efeitos de exercícios de alta intensidade sobre tais fatores ainda são pouco conhecidos. OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos de protocolos de exercícios aeróbico e anaeróbico sobre fatores associados ao risco cardíaco. MÉTODOS: Vinte e dois indivíduos com idade média de 40±8 anos foram alocados nos grupos: controle (CO), treinamento de endurance (ET) e treinamento intermitente (IT). Os protocolos tiveram duração de 12 semanas, três vezes por semana; e intensidades de 10 por cento abaixo e 20 por cento acima do limiar anaeróbico (LAn). Foram medidas: massa corporal total (MCT), índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferências de cintura (CINT) e quadril (QUA) e a composição corporal, além das concentrações plasmáticas de glicose (GLI), colesterol total (CHO) e triglicérides (TG); ainda foram calculados a razão cintura-quadril (PCCQ) e o índice de conicidade (Índice C). RESULTADOS: As variáveis de MCT, IMC, CINT, GLI e a composição corporal apresentaram alterações significativas nos grupos ET e IT. Os valores de CHO e QUA foram significativamente reduzidos no grupo ET, enquanto a PCCQ mostrou redução significativa no grupo IT. O LAn e o índice C, no grupo IT foram significativamente diferentes em relação a ET. CONCLUSÃO: Tendo em vista as diferenças encontradas nas respostas das variáveis estudadas, em razão do treinamento empregado, concluímos que um programa de exercício que contemple atividades de alta e baixa intensidades seja mais completo para garantir a redução de maior número de variáveis de risco cardíaco.

BACKGROUND: Aerobic exercise is an important ally in the fight against cardiovascular risk factors. However, the effects of high-intensity exercise on these factors are still poorly known. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise protocols on cardiac risk factors. METHODS: 22 individuals with mean age of 40±8 years were distributed into the following groups: control (CO), endurance training (ET) and interval training (IT). The protocols lasted 12 weeks, three times a week, with intensities of 10 percent below and 20 percent above the anaerobic threshold (AnT). The following measurements were taken: total body mass (TBM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body composition, in addition to plasma concentrations of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (CHO), and triglycerides (TG). Waist-hip ratio (WHR) and conicity index (C index) were also calculated. RESULTS: The TBM, BMI, WC, GLU, and body composition variables showed significant changes in the ET and IT groups. CHO and HC values were significantly reduced in the ET group, whereas WHR showed a significant reduction in the IT group. AnT and C index in the IT group were significantly different in relation to ET. CONCLUSION: In view of the differences found in the results of the variables studied in relation to the training performed, we conclude that an exercise program that includes both high and low-intensity activities is more efficient to ensure the reduction of a greater number of cardiac risk variables.